CHEMICAL BONDING CHEMISTRY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is chemical bonding?
- Chemical bonding refers to the attraction between atoms that allows them to form compounds by sharing, transferring, or redistributing electrons.
What are the three types of chemical bonding?
- The three types of chemical bonding are ionic bonding, covalent bonding, and metallic bonding.
What is ionic bonding?
- Ionic bonding occurs when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of positive and negative ions that are attracted to each other.
What is covalent bonding?
- Covalent bonding involves the sharing of electrons between atoms, resulting in the formation of molecules.
What is metallic bonding?
- Metallic bonding occurs in metals, where the valence electrons are delocalized and shared among all the atoms, creating a "sea" of electrons.
What is an ion?
- An ion is an atom or molecule that has gained or lost electrons, resulting in a positive or negative charge, respectively.
What is a molecule?
- A molecule is a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds, representing the smallest unit of a compound that retains its chemical properties.
What is an ionic compound?
- An ionic compound is a compound composed of positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged ions (anions) held together by electrostatic attraction.
What is a Lewis structure?
- A Lewis structure is a diagram that shows the arrangement of atoms, their connections, and the shared or transferred electrons in a molecule or ion.
What is electronegativity?
- Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons toward itself in a covalent bond.
What is a polar covalent bond?
- A polar covalent bond is a bond in which the electrons are unequally shared between atoms, resulting in a partial positive and partial negative charge on the atoms involved.
What is a nonpolar covalent bond?
- A nonpolar covalent bond is a bond in which the electrons are equally shared between atoms, resulting in no significant charge separation.
What is a chemical bond?
- A chemical bond is the force of attraction that holds atoms together in a compound.
What is a valence electron?
- A valence electron is an electron located in the outermost energy level (valence shell) of an atom, involved in chemical bonding.
How do ionic bonds form?
- Ionic bonds form when there is a large electronegativity difference between atoms, resulting in the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.
How do covalent bonds form?
- Covalent bonds form when atoms share electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration.
What is a lone pair of electrons?
- A lone pair of electrons refers to a pair of electrons that is not involved in bonding and is localized around an atom.
What is a double bond?
- A double bond is a covalent bond in which two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms.
What is a hydrogen bond?
- A hydrogen bond is a type of intermolecular bond that occurs between a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom (such as oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine) and another electronegative atom in a different molecule.
What is the octet rule?
- The octet rule states that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons in order to achieve a stable electron configuration with eight valence electrons.
What is hybridization?
- Hybridization is the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals with different shapes and energies, which allows for the formation of covalent bonds.
What is resonance?
- Resonance is a concept in which multiple Lewis structures are used to represent the actual structure of a molecule or ion, indicating the delocalization of electrons.
What is a polar molecule?
- A polar molecule is a molecule in which there is an uneven distribution of electron density, resulting in a partial positive charge on one end and a partial negative charge on the other end.
What is a nonpolar molecule?
- A nonpolar molecule is a molecule in which there is an even distribution of electron density, resulting in no significant charge separation.
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